Linux-Introduction

What is linux ?

Linux is an open source operating system (OS). An operating system is the software that directly manages a system’s hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work.

Architecture of Linux

1. Kernel: Kernel is the core of the Linux based operating system. It virtualizes the common hardware resources of the computer to provide each process with its virtual resources. This makes the process seem as if it is the sole process running on the machine. The kernel is also responsible for preventing and mitigating conflicts between different processes. Different types of the kernel are:

· Monolithic Kernel

· Hybrid kernels

· Exo kernels

· Micro kernels

2. System Library: Isthe special types of functions that are used to implement the functionality of the operating system.

3. Shell: It is an interface to the kernel which hides the complexity of the kernel’s functions from the users. It takes commands from the user and executes the kernel’s functions.

4. Hardware Layer: This layer consists all peripheral devices like RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc.

5. System Utility: It provides the functionalities of an operating system to the user.

Advantages of Linux

· The main advantage of Linux, is it is an open-source operating system. This means the source code is easily available for everyone and you are allowed to contribute, modify and distribute the code to anyone without any permissions.

· In terms of security, Linux is more secure than any other operating system. It does not mean that Linux is 100 percent secure it has some malware for it but is less vulnerable than any other operating system. So, it does not require any anti-virus software.

· The software updates in Linux are easy and frequent.

· Various Linux distributions are available so that you can use them according to your requirements or according to your taste.

· Linux is freely available to use on the internet.

· It has large community support.

· It provides high stability. It rarely slows down or freezes and there is no need to reboot it after a short time.

· It maintain the privacy of the user.

• The performance of the Linux system is much higher than other operating systems. It allows a large number of people to work at the same time and it handles them efficiently.
• It is network friendly.
• The flexibility of Linux is high. There is no need to install a complete Linux suit; you are allowed to install only required components.
• Linux is compatible with a large number of file formats.
• It is fast and easy to install from the web. It can also install on any hardware even on your old computer system.
• It performs all tasks properly even if it has limited space on the hard disk.

Disadvantages of Linux

· It is not very user-friendly. So, it may be confusing for beginners.

· It has small peripheral hardware drivers as compared to windows.

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